Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Penerapan Co-Firing Biomassa Serbuk Kayu pada PLTU 3 × 350 MW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25134/jiar.v3i1.58Keywords:
PLTU, co-firing, serbuk kayu, efisiensi pembangkit, emisi gas buang, energi terbarukanAbstract
Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh pembangkit berbasis batubara, yang memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca. Salah satu solusi transisi energi yang berpotensi diterapkan tanpa investasi besar adalah teknologi co-firing biomassa, yakni pencampuran batubara dengan bahan bakar alternatif seperti serbuk kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek teknis, ekonomi, dan lingkungan dari penerapan co-firing biomassa serbuk kayu pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berkapasitas 3 × 350 MW. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui studi kasus operasional nyata di unit PLTU, dengan perbandingan data sebelum dan sesudah co-firing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa co-firing dengan rasio 5% serbuk kayu dan 95% batubara menurunkan biaya produksi listrik dari Rp 631/kWh menjadi Rp 593/kWh, dan meningkatkan efisiensi pembangkit melalui penurunan heat rate dari 3.220 kCal/kWh menjadi 2.953 kCal/kWh. Namun, meskipun emisi NOx, debu, dan Hg mengalami penurunan, terjadi kenaikan emisi CO dan SO₂ yang perlu dikendalikan melalui optimasi proses pembakaran. Secara keseluruhan, penerapan co-firing biomassa memberikan manfaat signifikan dari sisi ekonomi dan efisiensi teknis, namun memerlukan pengawasan lingkungan yang ketat untuk memastikan keberlanjutan operasional
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